1544957. Acholiland or "Acoli-land" (also known as the Acholi sub-region) is a necessarily inexact ethnolinguistic taxonomy that refers to the region traditionally inhabited by the Acholi. 17 de fevereiro de 2022 / Category . Encyclopedia of World Cultures. In the most recent phase of the cycle, beginning in the mid-1980s, Acholi has largely been on the receiving end of the violence. In 2005, the new International Criminal Court in The Hague issued arrest warrants for Joseph Kony and other top LRA commanders. Hunting tracts are owned by clans. [23][24], The attempt to pacify the Northern Uganda was carried out recklessly with much brutality and unprofessionalism from the NRA soldiers and government. laws of social life among the Acholi were set up by the elders of the clans, regulating everything Uganda, leading raids all over the region. Hansen, Holger B., and Michael Twaddle, eds. Division of Labor. It does not store any personal data. (unpublished thesis) Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International . Kasozi, A. This cookie is used to enable payment on the website without storing any payment information on a server. Verona: Editrice Nigrizia. Mass meetings were organized separately by Luo people in Kavirondo and the Kikuyu people in Nairobi. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. One obvious candidate, Bazilio Olara-Okello who, although unrelated to Tito Okello, was, as in the case of Oyite Ojok, another officer who participated in the overthrow of Idi Amin. Following the Occasional Paper no. [11], After defeating Okello and his Acholi-dominated Uganda National Liberation Army, now-President Yoweri Museveni and his National Resistance Army conducted revenge killings in the north. Then a final dance and feast takes place at a time chosen to make possible the maximum attendance by relatives and other interested people. Okeny, Kenneth (1982). The documentary focused on the unofficial discourse of the LRA war and it was largely critical of the Ugandan government role in the LRA war. They also kept goats, sheep and cattle. latest redrawing of the administrative divisions, it contains seven districts; Agago, Amuru, Gulu, Over the second half of the nineteenth century, Acholi was incorporated into international trade networks through the activities of northern, Arabic-speaking ivory and slave traders. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. comparably flat. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. "[9], Milton Obote, the first leader after independence, relied on Acholi Luo people and Langi Nilo Hamites or Ateker peoples in government. 102-104, Southern Sudan and the Government of the Republic of the South Sudan, State Minister for Foreign Affairs (International Affairs), https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=15068#topmenu, "2014 Uganda Population and Housing Census Main Report", https://www.peoplegroups.org/explore/GroupDetails.aspx?peid=14887#topmenu, James Ojent Latigo, Chapter 4: "Northern Uganda tradition-based practices in the Acholi region, 1. Idi Amin (197179) the Acholi were severely persecuted and their men systematically executed for their past association with the colonial army and for their support of Pres. All members of the household acknowledge the authority of its head, the husband; each wife or other adult female in the household has traditionally had her own fields, granaries, and kitchen or cooking hut. prefix a- denoting the 1st Person Singular (Whitmire, 2013, p. 51). 1679-1914." Even though the recent history of conflict can in some ways be tracked all the way back to the . This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. Numbering more than one million at the turn of the 21st century, they speak a Western Nilotic language of the Eastern Sudanic branch of the Nilo-Saharan family and are culturally and historically related to their traditional enemies, the neighbouring Lango. Political Organization. ETHNONYMS: Afipa, Wafipa The dry season is long and hot, with temperatures that can reach more than 35 C. Demography. This cookie is set by Youtube. Extensive mission activity in Acholi by both Protestants and Catholics has attracted many followers since the second decade of the twentieth century. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Dholuo, which is spoken in in the West of Kenya. His stated political aims are to rule Uganda according to the Biblical Ten Commandments. Numbering between 400 and 500 by the turn of the twentieth century, these exogamous groups claim descent from a common ancestor (although means exist to incorporate many types of "outsiders" as well) and have special lineage shrines, ritual ceremonies, praise-calls, and totems. It was filmed by Australian director Ebony Butler, Simon Hardwidge and Ugandan author Frey Onen. According to Latigo, prior to colonialism, "the Acholi people maintained a traditional government that was rooted firmly in their religious beliefs, norms, and customs, which demanded peace and stability in Acholiland at all times, based on their philosophy of life. The PEPFAR Uganda 2023 Science Summit on HIV and TB: Following the It refers to people known locally as Luo Gang. Ethnohistory 36(1): 19-43. At the peak of the conflict, 90% of the Acholi population moved into IDP camps designed as protected villages. aimed at achieving clearly-defined political goals, which typically benefit the interests of their members. Atkinson, Ronald R. (1994). Marriage has been typically patrilocal and patriarchal, with the husband and father as the undisputed head of the household. The Acholi region is bordered in the west by the districts M.A. However, this rebellion was defeated when it attempted to attack The insurgency's military. Corn (maize), sorghum, beans, squash, peanuts (groundnuts), and other savanna crops also are grown. Situated 1,025 to 1,350 meters above sea level, the Acholi landscape is typical East African game countryrolling grasslands with scattered trees, streams, and rock outcrops. Spirits of both of these types were generally beneficent. The Roots of Ethnicity: The Origins of the Acholi of Uganda - JSTOR and tributes paid to them. Traditionally, a grave is dug as soon as a person has died, following which a small and brief ceremony is held in the deceased's house prior to burial. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Historian Mark Curtis says that after Amin instigated a coup, Britain, the United States, and Israel quietly backed Amin and his campaign against the socialist-leaning President Milton Obote in 1971. Bride-wealth has varied over time but has usually included iron objects, domestic animals, and, in the twentieth century, money. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. political organisation of the acholi Organizational Politics. Mothers are responsible for the initial care of their children and for much of their socialization. PUBLISHED: 30/01/2023. Precolonial trade, both within Acholi and throughout the region, focused mainly on obtaining iron ore and finished iron products in exchange for baskets or products of the farm, herd, or hunt. Conflict. All affines, meanwhile, are known as "mother." The cookie is set by Facebook to show relevant advertisments to the users and measure and improve the advertisements. However, during the dry season, as groups of families were forced to congregate around receding water sources, a greater degree of political organization developed. the nations capital Kampala in 1988. their inherited wealth to build up prominent twentieth-century families. Identification. 1orthern Uganda or Acholiland is formally known as the Acholi sub-region, an area inhab N - ited primarily by speakers of the Acholi language, whom I refer to as the Acholi. Since independence, a relatively few Acholi army officers have managed LRA, after losing support from the local population, also turned on the people of northern Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Political organizations are those engaged in political activities (e.g., lobbying, community organizing, campaign advertising, etc.) The earliest modern African political organization in Kenya Colony sought to protest pro-settler policies, and increased taxes on Africans and the despised Kipande (Identifying metal band worn around the neck). settle disputes that involved more than one lineage. The women have accomplished agriculturists, growing and processing a variety of food crops, including millet, simsim, groundnuts, peas, sorghum and vegetables. The account of the Acholi reaching According to the Orientation Land Tenure. time was critical to the social and political development of the region. The Song of Lawino, one of the most successful African literary works, was written by Okot p'Bitek, published in 1966 in Acholi, and later translated to English. formations in the form of chiefdoms and kingdoms by the end of the first millennium A.D. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Administrative divisions within Acholi, however, both during colonial rule and since independence, have often reflected preexisting sociopolitical units: lineages at the parish level; chiefdoms at the subcounty level; and larger zones of the most intensive (and peaceful) interpolity interactions at the county level. The first government chiefs, appointed from 1912 onwards, represented a measure of continuity with the pre-colonial order, since they were nearly all drawn from the ranks of the clan leaders. "[15] Although they were believed to have supernatural powers, the chiefs ruled through a Council of Clan Elders, so they never ruled singlehandedly. During Obote's first term as president, and especially during his second term, Acholi soldiers played key roles in the massive conflict in other parts of Uganda, where hundreds of thousands of peoplemany of them innocent civilianslost their lives; from the mid-1980s into the 1990s, Acholi was the scene of similar levels of conflict. The relationship between (real) brother and sister is often very close, especially when one acts as the lapidi (nurse-child) to the other, as are the bonds between the children of sisters. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. The Acholi's harrowing ordeal began under Idi Amin's dictatorship in the seventies. Acholi - Minority Rights Group Political Organizations | Encyclopedia.com Specifically, this study explored, Living with Language. The cookies store information anonymously and assign a randomly generated number to identify unique visitors. For example, among Acholi, husbands pay a bride price to their wives fathers, and this payment supports the traditional belief that women are the property of the husband, since a payment was made for her. social organization of acholi - Brainly.com Forging Forgiveness: Collective Efforts Amidst War in Northern Uganda Apoko, Anna (1967). By the mid-nineteenth century, about 60 small chiefdoms existed in eastern Acholiland. named Luo. Further he described how this negative experience led to generally negative attitudes towards (1970) 'State formation and fragmentation in Agago, Eastern Acholi', This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 19:17. This cookie is installed by Google Analytics. other parts of Uganda, where hundreds of thousands of peoplemany Since 1996 this policy has expanded to encompass the entire rural Acholi population of four districts, one million people. colonial rule in their region for decades, before finally being integrated in the Ugandan territory Uganda journal 27(1): 15-30. Administrative divisions within Acholi, however, both during colonial We have a small favour to ask: if you appreciate our work, would you mind considering making a donation to support our work? At first fighting against the insurgence of the army of the central government, the Langlands, B. W. (1971). With the coming of the ivory and slave trades, and the firearms that accompanied them, conflict became more frequent, more deadly, and more widely spread. At the height of the insurgency, 1.8 million people in the north were living in camps. Medicine. The purpose of the cookie is to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. With the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Sudan in 2005, and the establishment of the ex-rebel government in newly independent South Sudan in territory in which the LRA once operated freely, those lines of support have been substantially weakened, if not severed altogether. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The old staples of eleusine (finger) millet, sorghum, sesame, and various peas, beans, and leafy green vegetables continue to be grown, along with twentieth-century crops such as cassava, maize, peanuts (groundnuts), fruits, and cotton. administration within the region and the district headquarters were erected in the area of the This included both agricultural and hunting land. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Death of Oulanyah exposes Acholi as proud and loud without leadership We hope you find it interesting. Diversity Management in Sudan's Democratic Transitional Arrangements: Technical Paper 1, January 2023. 30 Chiefly authority was however not absolute, as power was shared with lineage elders ( ladit kaka) and political authority was mainly vested in When conflict did Okot p'Bitek (1963). Finally a common social order and political culture developed, and new society and point to the most recent violent conflict was the overthrow of the Okello-led government by the Given the anti-Museveni sentiment of most Acholis, the LRA's inability to mobilize support - or to at least avoid repudiation by its own ethnic base - is remarkable. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". [23] This resulted in resistance building up in the region and soon a host of rebel groups sprang up in the north. Ethnic group of South Sudan and Northern Uganda, Atkinson, Ronald R. "The Evolution of Ethnicity among the Acholi of Uganda: The Precolonial Phase.". subcounty level; and larger zones of the most intensive (and peaceful) Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Most political organizations take the form of a voluntary association of persons or organizations that pools its members' and constituents' financial and other resources, and engages in conventional political actions to affect policy-making outcomes. London: Oxford University Press. Atkinson, Ronald R. (1989). Since independence, a relatively few Acholi army officers have managed to accumulate substantial fortunes, as have a few traders. represents an income that averages several times that of a member of the At its peak in 2005 over Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. The name "Acholi" is used for peoples living in the former Acholi District of northern Uganda (now divided into the Gulu and Kitgum districts) and the adjoining area of the southern Sudan. [6] While Acholi also lives north of the South Sudanese border, the Sudanese Acholi are often excluded from the political meaning of the term "Acholiland". 13.4 Organizational Politics - Organizational Behavior Most prominent among them was the Uganda People's Army (UPA) in Teso and Lango sub region, the West Nile Bank Frontiers (WNBF) in the West Nile region, the Uganda People's Democratic Army, the Holy Spirit Movement and the LRA in the Acholi region.
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