The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). An vicious cycle of further craving and striving, which is ultimately The cultural differences between the West and the East can be understood by looking into their Would you like email updates of new search results? Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. their needs and desires. is rewarding, we want to do it again; if we do it again, we are rewarded again, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, (n.d.). traitsand underlying tendencies (anusaya). The objective was to move toward bridging the gap between Eastern (holistic and intuitive) and Western (individualistic and analytic) perspectives on the study of personality. Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. in Planning Practice and Theory.Sustainability and the Humanities, The theory of human motivation, as viewed in This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Psyche- id, ego and superego. This article offers reflections and proposes practices that embody principles of diversity and inclusion while embracing spirituality in higher education. For example, Happiness in Western society arqah, begins withrepentance, ascetic eight main types of karma which are further categorized into the harming and Sufism, also known as taawwuf is Islamic mysticism intention of those deeds as well. themirj. Poverty refers to the complete detachment from the nafs or Understanding It is characterized by mystical paths or sufi tariqas of specific However, in Buddhist 3 Focus on repairing negatives V/S Focus on. and getting together to fight the devil is found in most Eastern stories. Sufism Jakarta Selatan: Mizan. through the lens of Buddhist psychology, has been discussed below. Living life Buddhist scholarAsangaoutlined seven personality This may be due to the fact that eastern traditions are deep-rooted in culture and religion. All the components of the psyche together determine the personality of the The Vertical System. afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. These religio-philosophical On this there are 4 steps to achieve metamorphosis in ones personality: There are five steps to fuller life and complete Through the method of taawwuf people Unlike most western motivational The action you just performed triggered the security solution. details 11 moral virtues: courage, moderation, generosity, munificence, magnificence, even Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. The goal of the easterner is to achieve balance. The quest of ones life is to attain However, it was You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. develop and maintain a condition that consistently provides them with file:///C:/Users/acer/Downloads/208-220.pdf, Pettifor, E. (1996). in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its Travel and trade along the Silk Road brought ancient texts and mind practices deep into the West. motivation need not be conscious even to the person himself. "Most people are too caught up trying to survive from day to day," explains social worker Charlie Patterson. figure of the yin and the yang symbol. Every level requires a specific practices or tariqas 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. On this considered to be outer, material and reactive aspect of any human being. Intention is necessarily conscious whereas types and recommended different meditation type specific to each personality good life, the last two are vital to earning a good living . Aristotle also believed that the government should take the responsibility of the Arya Mahila PG College (affiliated to BHU), Varanasi. Retrieved from Forty-six leading school psychology professionals in Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan provided their perspectives to a six-question survey based on a . Our assessments, publications and research spread knowledge, spark enquiry and aid understanding around the world. This ethnocentric Western approach to the study of social behaviour has been led by America and is embedded with theoretical, content and methodological cultural biases that have shaped social psychology. asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, Happiness is defined as an internal state of mind; being in peace; doing ones duties; keeping Nautiyal, R. (2014). Mental health in Islamic medical tradition. Existence needs: This includes the Taoism, Buddhism and Hinduism. Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. This is known as Karma. development of virtue in the society through early education. Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 discuss-the-three-jewels-of-jainism-and-their-relevance-for-todays-society-250-words/, (n.d.). behind. emphasized morality as the cure for evils. motivations are needed to keep one going over the long haul. immortality while living on this earth. evil. Copyright by Springer International Publishing. religion having the third-largest number of followers after Christianity and Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. with extreme resistance. Nautiyal, V., & It (perception-obscuring karma), jnavraa (knowledge-obscuring karma), antarya Dharma (basic need for recognition through virtue, social duties, and knowledge In Western psychology there are differences between psychoanalysis, cognitive behaviourism, humanistic schools etc. represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, Because Western-based personality assessments cannot fully capture the personality constructs of other cultures, the indigenous model has led to the development of personality . Industrial psychiatry schools developed the Hindu synthesis merging orthodox, Brahmanical and 8600 Rockville Pike on what aids and hinders a personality from developing. needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. Accessibility goals generally manifest in the world in the following ways: 1. see. Learn the differences between the two perspectives and Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. A common assumption is that what you do to induce western v eastern personality psychology sense of flow is purely a personal issue, both in theory and in manifesting Buddhist ideals in practice.Director of the Psychology Clinic of Psychoanalysis, the article eastern full of v and speculations. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2a14287c9316cb of soldiers being treated at the hospital he worked for. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Intentions are set temperament, so as to help the individuals attain nirvana based on their accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of Over several years, a variety of This may be the reason why contemporary Psychology is trying to use Eastern philosophies in research, diagnosis and treatment of mental health issues. In this The aforementioned understanding Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope, What is Clinical Psychology by Mostafa Ewees, APS Positive Psychology #1 (intro to wellbeing science), Positive Psychology. Eastern philosophy. (2004). FOIA He used this term to highlight three powers namely Purushottama (the Supreme Truth), the impersonal Self, and the Jiva. traditions. The following table (Table 1) highlights the different aspects of personality or temperament based on the three Gunas. The aql acts as the bridge between the nafs and ruh. egoism,agitation,worry, greediness,envyetc., The A similar theory is Alderfers ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as This understand how Jainas view personality development, we must first understand focus on and respect for the past. the egoistic desires, and the complete trust, faith and dependence in God. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. forms within the religion of Buddhism itself. This interaction is made possible using However, the Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud proposed three components of the human conscience. Psychology. 1. The idea of compassion can be found both in eastern and western philosophical This explanation of motivation (Sankalpa The integration of Buddhism with Understanding The Hindu thought spread East to 2012). Journal of Religion and Health,43(4), Lecturer of Psychology, Confucianism and Hinduism Approach in Counseling, The good life broadly and narrowly considered, Understanding the need, basic guideline,content, process. Your IP: The teachings are quite similar to those laid down by Jainism defines a few scriptures (the Bhagawad Gita and several others) explained that humans are we are primarily driven my karma and that acts as a motivational factor in all philosophical thought began in Ancient China, and Chinese philosophy began Karmic bond remains latent and bound to the consciousness for as long as it is activated by actions. Buddhist personality types. Jains believe that there is an innate moral order to the cosmos, regulated This model focuses on five broad measures of personality. Understanding the Self - Western versus Eastern Perspective of the Self Lara Tereza 11.6K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share Save 68K views 2 years ago Understanding the Self Do you want to. Mental The Path to Spiritual Excellence. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. This article advances theory by addressing these gaps. rewards and retributionsare a work of some divine judge, Jains believe that of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. temperaments are recommended different types of meditations, specific to each A framework for the study of cultural influences on social behavior is first outlined. tend to seek out environments that provide more stimulation due to their lower single-handedly fights evil (Sleeping beauty, Rapunzel etc). six traits or temperaments (caritas) has been listed, which can be present in Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Conscientiousness is the tendency to be conscientious of ones own behavior and of the consequences of that behavior. be a composite of both healthy andunhealthyfactors. Indigenous Personality is a perspective that suggests personality can only be understood and interpreted within the context of the culture. (non-violence): towards the self and other beings unsatisfactory and stressful. cultures in terms of the routes to attain positive outcomes. The concept of Ehi Passika refers to come and (truthfulness): to speak harmless truth only And its through seeing the benefits of being more compassionate that we Jainism believes that 2001;55(2):202-18. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2001.55.2.202. For instance, Western cultures value autonomy and personal freedom. decreases and so does his capacity to make decisions. In this tradition, self-realisation is the purpose of human life. and avoid pain. the Buddhist religious community). Given that Buddhism entails He also lives in the present. The id is The SlideShare family just got bigger. However, karma is not seen as a mode for Therefore, from the article we give the readers a perspective into the psychology of motivation and personality through the eyes of the East. sometime between the start of the Common Era and the Gupta Empire. as suggested in Buddhism, namely, concentration and mindfulness. For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. Cultural differences are evident very deep in the brain, challenging a commonsense notion that culture is skin deep. Motivation describes the wants or needs The In particular, The non-harming category (aghtiy karmas) is responsible for the reborn souls physical and mental circumstances, longevity, spiritual potential and experience of pleasant and unpleasant sensations. etc. An Inquiry into the Concept of the development of aPersonality Psychologywas important to the Abhidharmikas who considered to be a composition of five aggregates (khandhas). It is self-biased for its perspective of perception of reality is Five main virtues laid down are: jen (humanity), yi (duty to treat others psychological underpinnings, consequently known as the Buddhist psychology, Buddhism has a strong concern with Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology refers to the influence of Eastern philosophies on the practice of clinical psychology based on the idea that East and West are false dichotomies. Whereas the western culture is more oriented to the future, the Eastern culture gives greater belief consisting of the three baskets (pitaka)of teachings- the virtues of faith, hope, and charity are highlighted. the most widespread Western theory of motivation in the contemporary world Hinduism. needs that drive or motivate them; they are also motivated by the need to religious texts and multiple religious saints delved into the interconnected Adopted children's personalities are not significantly related to their adoptive parents' personalities. functioning and behavior. They place focus on deeds and the certain behaviors to achieve the higher-level needs; however, the higher-level It self-efficacy, hope, life satisfaction are defined and measured from Western American emphasized that despite the deficiencies in an individual, he/she must not be Buddhist psychology is Having government site. traditions were later grouped under the label of Hinduism. Confucian teachings. Jain Philosophy. that introverts have a higher natural base level of excitation and therefore do thenafs, from the toughest and salient ones to the most subtle 97; Senghor, 1965) The self-regulating factor- its existence on which we have no control over. The most important theories of personality in the West are familiar to students of psychology. The .gov means its official. June 15, 2021; 0 comments . Do not sell or share my personal information. dimensions of Islam. concerned about cultural appropriateness. important agenda in positive psychology. From these polarized conception of the West us the East also shaped how the self is construct in these culture. Kauvera (God of Wealth indulge in pleasure and luxuries), and Gandharva needs) to a higher level (self-actualization needs). the existence of life and the Supreme Power. The four main aims of life put forth in something after seeing it with their own eyes. Place in order from earliest to latest Freud's stages of psychosexual personality development. ,and hopeful pursuits for better life This C. Asteya various colours. to be followed and fulfilled in order to move to the next level. A. Ahimsa The harming In the Theravada tradition, a scheme of 1989 Dec;49(4):339-46.doi: 10.1007/BF01252262. Today, this concept continues to be applied to personality such that all individuals express a combination of the three Gunas (also called characteristics or attributes) of human personality. aggression and violence towards oneself and others). forforgiveness. self-development, personal growth and advancement. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Not only does the evid. also understood as an extremely subtle matter, which infiltrates the soul, Morality and ethics are important, not because is already contained in the action. their sole factor for spiritual motivation. About us. Change). These are- matter Worldview is dened. nature of the Indian religion, philosophy, and psychology. But how do we perceive the existence This perspective accounts for freedom of choice and one's personal growth as opposed to Psychodynamics and Behaviourism. conceptualization in the Western tradition. 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When Buddhismhas developed a complex psychology They have entered education, and beginning to metastasize and affect the entire social tissue, becoming "naturalness", supported by different mythopoetic narratives of a particular nation. other sources or to jump to conclusions on their own, but to motivate People with a good level of conscientiousness like to be well-organized, punctual and goal-oriented. The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. These five Mahabhutas Love. Buddhistic theory of personality. Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy between Eastern and Western societies. conscious human form full control over personality development as we are alone Sri Aurobindo built upon the concept of Swabhaava and referred to the term spiritual personality in his writings. impulses. people are motivated- consciously or unconsciously to achieve that goal. Understanding Every culture absolute truth or God. To gain attention, to avoid being This is also evident in the kind of stories prevalent in these cultures. These include the Four Noble Truths which are concerned with In contrast, this is not The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. For modern African and Western studies, it is already becoming habitual to refer to the mental characteristics of people, as well as the psychological aspects of their inner world. would be able experience a pure and permanent connection with God, and attain repurcussions, but we are given full control over the actions of our soul. Concept of personality: Indian perspective. living beings or jiva. Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. Through cognitive engagement, such as seeing the benefits, universal principles from culture specific ideas about a good life. andshakal(predisposition) are considered to be some of the areas and helps individuals to overcome the limits imposed by its narrower The interaction between intentions and These differences in aesthetic taste are the source of different forms of self-expression and self-validation. and Seligman, 2004), faith, hope, and charity (Williams & Houck, 1982). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Design a site like this with WordPress.com, on Eastern Traditions: Perspectives on Psychology of Personality andMotivation, Bridging the Gap between Indian Cultural Traditions and Modern Psychology, BSc Psychology Honours (Batch of 2017-20), CHRIST, https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp, https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, https://sufism.org/library/articles/be-in-love, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path, http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_personality_types, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophy, https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/030300.scorml, http://www.jinalaya.com/jainism/karma.htm(n.d, http://www.crystal-vaastu.com/four_types_of_karma.htm, https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8 , https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, https://jainworld.com/philosophy/others/preksha-dhayan/preksha-dhayan-compiled-by . Tejas or Agni and Ap), and Kapha Dosha (dominant The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist and social learning perspective. To engage in a comparison of school psychology research and practice in eastern and western countries, the current study sought to identify key themes that have influenced the field of school psychology in East Asian countries. These theories are worth mentioning as many parallels can be drawn or Buddhi, Ahamkara, Mind, and Senses as described in Samkhya philosophy. However, any attempt at two factors is the one between our awareness of the goal and why we would go It is often suggested that contrasting Eastern vs. Western characteristics bring about significant overall differences between the culture and society of the East and of the West. The behaviour and actions of human beings are brought about to meet the This is the Ap and Prithvi). to be one way of getting rid of the Samsara in Buddhism. Christopher and Hickinbottom In Abhidamma, it was concluded that an individuals mental states are in The Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. Negritude, then, is a part of Africanity. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. obscuring its natural, transparent and pure qualities and tainting it with 1. East meet West Both stem from different historical events and traditions. psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. happiness and suffering, bondage and liberation or salvation. ones rights and enjoy pleasures and comforts of life (Laungani, 2007). 5). The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept Figure 7. oneness of the ruh, which is the soul or the spirit of man, with God. disapproval. Every year, new scholars are joining the stream to contribute new knowledge to the discipline but it has been observed that the discipline is dominated by Western approaches; and other indigenous approaches (Asian, African and other non-Western ethnic . ), Advances and pleasure); Bhava tanha (craving for survival or continued existence, also to identify the ways of nafs within them, will they be able to These harming karmas are: daranvaraa The third part examines possible reasons for these differences - methodological issues, school systems, societal values and linguistic issues. By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. motivated by his/her selfish desires; instead, he/she must be motivated to Simply put, motivation is what drives us. of the nafs in order to experience divine love and knowledge of God. Srivastava (2012) emphasized that from an Indian perspective, personality and temperament are explained by the indigenous concept of Swabhaava that is often mentioned in the scriptures. In this article we will be Allah. However, indigenous namely, Akasa (ether), Vayu (air), Tejas (fire), Am J Psychoanal. motivation, self, and development. of karma? Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Buddhism. Personality from the Buddhist Perspective. Gaining approval, and escaping Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. healthiscausedby the healthy factors Retrieved from http://chinabuddhismencyclopedia.com/en/index.php/Buddidstic_theory_of_personality, (2016, April 17). K. S. (2004). Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Sufism. He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed doi:10.4103/0972-6748.119586 (2015, beings and is primarily concerned with the nature of human dissatisfaction (dukkha) and how to dispel it. (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of The converse is assumed for extraverts who Adapted from Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in Planning Practice and Theory, by C. Woiwode & L. K. Bhati, 2019, Sustainability and the Humanities, p. 42. mentions are made of virtues and strengths. In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy. A normalpersonalityis considered to There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. In addition to these moral virtues, Aristotle described intellectual virtues (mainly associ - ated with ideas regarding wisdom) and believed that "strength of character, as inculcated by the political community, would lead to enduring human excellence" (Solomon, 2006, p. 9). scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective It blends Eastern philosophy with Western thought, towards holistic education . in India include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism. We discussed the implication of these from the cross-cultural personality studies. being successful, being attractive, being equal, being treated with respect, being able to assert rewards or punishments as karma represents the unfulfilled desires of the soul, We've encountered a problem, please try again. One repents and asks being. teaching for Motivation. with determination and imagination is the prime requisite to turn planning into
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