Bulgarian more comprehensible than standard Ukrainian. Required fields are marked *. Instead Eastern Lach and Western Lach have difficult intelligibility and are separate languages, so Lach itself is a macrolanguage. However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. Additionally, Norwegian assimilated a considerable amount of Danish vocabulary as well as traditional Danish expressions. Some famous linguists who are acquaintances of mine (they have Wikipedia pages) told me that they thought that 90% was a good metric. Cieszyn Silesian speakers strongly reject the notion that they speak the same language as Upper Silesians. but what if person is from island and speaks heavy akavian and tokavian speaker is real tokavian like from Slavonia (North Eastern Croatia). Once you pick up those basic 50 words, understanding Macedonian becomes super easy that was my experience with Macedonian friends (the few of them who dont speak Serbian). Only problem is which is in Czech but not in slovak. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. Ekavian Chakavian has two branches Buzet and Northern Chakavian. It has many Hungarian words, archaic Slavic words and words of an unknown origin (at least to me). (j/k) Burgenland Croatian, spoken in Austria, is intelligible to Croatian speakers in Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary, but it has poor intelligibility with the Croatian spoken in Croatia. Conclusion: The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. Are belarusian and russian mutually intelligible? My gues. A Moravian Czech speaker (Eastern Czech) and a Bratislavan Slovak (Western Slovak) speaker understand each other very well. 3. Some say it is a part of Czech, but more likely it is a part of Polish like Silesian. Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. Therefore I would go with 25%. He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation. Czechs see Slovaks as country bumpkins backwards and folksy but optimistic, outgoing and friendly. Huchon, Mireille, Histoire de la langue franaise, pages 214 and 223. Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. Although Chakavian is clearly a separate language from Shtokavian Croatian, in Croatia it is said that there is only one Croatian language, and that is Shtokavian Croatian. IOW, I think there are two languages Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. BR, I will also send you a copy so you can look over the Serbo-Croatian part and tell me if there are any errors. Polish Ukrainian Mutually Intelligible? Languages Comparison But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. I also conclude that in terms of straight linguistic science anyway, Czech and Slovak are simply one language called Czechoslovakian. I think that nowadays people from Ni also dont understand that Serbian enough. And Im glad he didnt felt in the nonsense babble of serbians, croats and bosnians that try too hard to show their differences, due to political/religious reasons. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. From a grammatical and morphological perspective, Ukrainian is closer to Russian: they both have East Slavic roots. Molise Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. Around 80% comprehension, it gets hard to talk about complex or technical things. Are Polish and Ukrainians mutually intelligible? - Quora http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia. I've ne. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. But the end of the sentence clarified these words. Clearly it WAS the Illuminati at workI guess the planes were flown by shapeshifting lizards, toooh, come to think of it, isnt George Bush Junior a lizard, too! A koine is currently under development. December 2014. Was he from Belgrade or Novi Sad or Nis? Czech and Slovak are simply dialects of this one tongue. Serbo-Croatian has variable intelligibility of Macedonian, averaging ~55%, while Nis Serbians have ~90% intelligibility with Macedonian. I have read a book from Fraenkel/Kramer I believe or something similar, which said (according to some empiry) that Macedonians were easily switching to Serbian in comparison to Slovenes who stuck to their language in the time of Yugoslavia. Finally, understanding mutual intelligibility gives you helpful insight into the history of a language. Russians, they usually need some adaptation time (and of course they need to be willing to try -- which is not always the case, since many Russians are monolingual and . It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). It's also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. akavski has considerably more italian influence, due to many of the people there speaking italian (vicinity to italy) and the presence of istriot language and the former presence of dalmatian language. Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written For example, all Russian shows get subtitles on Ukrainian TV. That is ~90% our language. Routledge. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. How similar actually are Ukrainian and Polish? (Belarusian too) Not only that, but it is not even fully intelligible with the Eastern Slovak that it resembles most. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. Do Ukrainians and Polish like each other? Is there any particular method to determine this? 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. Colloquial Ukrainian spoken in most of the country is pretty much comprehensible to Russians. Russian and Ukrainian: Are They Really the Same Language? In Linguistics, this MI stuff is noncontroversial. When Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongols in the 13th century, the formerly united states became split, and what were once very closely-related dialects began to . Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family - Academia.edu December 2014. But when you see it, you are shocked that you can read it. But despite similarities in grammar and vocabulary and almost identical alphabets, they differ sharply in many ways and are not mutually intelligible. The Bulgarian language is the earliest written record Slavic language. I also worked in a resteraunt with lots of west and south slavs there and I have to say that Serbian and crotian has a lot of ilarities with Slovak. Macedonain and Serbo-Croatian being 25% inteligible is simply not true. So I tried with my native Slovenian language and I was surprised how well Bulgars understand Slovenian language. 0%. They understand almost nothing. Its also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. Then conversation is intelligible 100%. Its a nasty drug, and I hear its addicting. Serbs can read both cyrillic and latin without any problem even if that two scripts are mixed in a word or sentence. Ukrainians needs to make small preparation to become able for listening comprehension of Polish. Polish: Ukrainian and Belarusian (both partially; moreover, . One more thing is that Serbian has, for example, two versions of the future case, with da (that) and verb in some person form, 1st in this case: ja u da radim (I will work) and ja u raditi where raditi (to work) is an infinitive. Donations are the only thing that keep the site operating. Salute from Czech republic. Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. That being said, the line between a language and a dialect is often blurred. Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. But thats politics for you. Zona Zamfirova is the movie in a Serbian dialect, but I dont understand it as same as I dont understand Macedonian or even more so, that is more like Bulgarian with the hard vowels. Macedonian has 65% oral and written intelligibility of Bulgarian. This debate occurred only in Croatian linguistic circles, and the public knows nothing about it (Jembrigh 2014). Hello everyone, Slow, deliberate speech is not typical. Or as an English speaker, you might catch the gist of some Scots. Much of the language has changed lots of Turkish loans have been dropped, plenty of standard Serbian terminology has made its way in but Ive had less of a communication issue in Kumanovo (north-eastern Macedonia) than Belgrade (capital of Serbia) back when I was but a young lad. But reading a Bulgarian text is surprisingly easy, because the phonology and vocabulary are very similar. All Rights Reserved. Mi priamo Hrvatski jezik in neotokavian. Ukrainian or Russian? Language gets political in Ukraine If you speak Russian, you might be surprised at how much Ukrainian you understand. In fact, I would probably have a hard time to understand a Czech speaking with such an intonation. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia, http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1289113786/last-1289113786/British+intelligence+links+to+African+Emabssy+bombings, http://www.btinternet.com/~nlpwessex/Documents/sheikhmedia.htm, http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view, http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8, https://www.academia.edu/4080349/Mutual_Intelligibility_of_Languages_in_the_Slavic_Family, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9, https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA, Alt Left: Ukrainian Nazis Execute Two of Their Own Men for Refusing to Fight, The Conquest of Germany and Japan Never Ended, Protected: Post to Discuss All of the Various POIs and Theories in the Delphi Murders from the Crime to the Present, Protected to Avoid Libel and Character Assassination Part 10, NATO Helped the Ukrainians Fire All Those Drones at Russia, Including all the Way to Moscow, The Conquest and Destruction of Russia Project Goes Way Back to Post World War 2, The Jewish Conspiracy To Subject Humankind. Method: It is important to note that the percentages are in general only for oral intelligibility and only in the case of a situation of a pure inherent intelligibility test. In this case, too, however, while mutual intelligibility between speakers of the distant remnant languages may be greatly constrained, it is likely not at the zero level of completely unrelated languages. What is the basis on which your Serbian friend said that? So, i've been interested about how much Polish speakers can understand Ukrainian without learning the language, but, most results i found said it's not really mutually intelligible, despite sharing alot or some words. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure. Ni Torlak vowel reflexes are otherwise in line with standard Serbian and Northwestern Macedonian, deriving nuclear /u e i e u r/ from / y * *l *r/; some Torlak dialects towards Kosovo or Bulgaria instead have [l ~ l] for /l/ (giving [v()l(:)k] where Serbian normally has [v:k]) but none in my vicinity. All foreign movies in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia are translated into Czech, not Slovak. Ive watched that movie on a croatian television with the croatian subtitle and understood that movie much much better, though Croatian also has a little differences. I also have formal training in several Slavic languages, which make most of them, except some of the Balkan ones, pretty much comprehensibe to me. Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. [1] Advanced speakers of a second language typically aim for intelligibility, especially in situations where they work in their second language and the necessity of being understood is high. Thank you very much for this. I have also friends from Central Macedonia (Prilep, Bitola) and I can tell how different they speak from the Skopjian dialect. There are distinct regional variations of Arabic. I got that figure from a Serb. It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? There was a lot of past Yugoslav politics that hid the truth. I have no idea, what Sledva da se otbelei, e tova means. but they are often mutually intelligible. My father once read an article in polish and he said he understood almost everything, but when its spoken he said about 60%. Some do in fact argue that Ukrainian shouldn't be considered as an East-Slavic language at all, being that it has more in common with West-Slavic languages such as Polish, Czech and Slovak than it . How is it possible if they speak the same language? And when islanders respond back in akavian they are puzzled: What? Femke Swarte studied the mutual intelligibility of twenty Germanic language combinations. Serbo-Croatian (Shtokavian) has 55% intelligibility of Macedonian (varies from 25-90%), 27% of Slovenian, 25% of Slovak, 20% of Ukrainian, 13% of oral Bulgarian and 25% of written Bulgarian, 10% of oral Russian and 22% of written Russian, 10% of Czech, and 5% of Polish. Ive done tests with my friends shtokavians-only (or monolingual Croats regarding the situation here) and it was very interesting. However, lexical similarity focuses on exclusively overlapping vocabulary to determine similarity between languages. The answer is that Izetbegovi is speaking too fast, he is often basically mumbling, and due to the different stress, I cannot identify, where the words start and end. I will tell you also this: In other cases, I had to rely on the context. Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. Russian is actually a little further, but most Belarusian speakers are bilingual (Bel-Rus) and most Ukrainian . Now onto the discussion. Polish and Ukrainian: different or similar? - Language Tsar .Interestingly, Ukrainians can understand the Russian language better than the Russians would understand the Ukrainian. Slobozhan Russian is very close to Ukrainian, closer to Ukrainian than it is to Russian, and Slobozhan Ukrainian is very close to Russian, closer to Russian than to Ukrainian. The problem is that native speakers can understand other speakers of their own language. An academic paper has been published making the case for a separate Balachka language. Czech 20 % spoken, 40 % written And yes, comprehension has suffered since Czechoslovakia broke up, due to lack of exposure. The only big one i disagree with your breakdown is serbian/croatian vs bulgarian. Spanish and Catalan have a lexical similarity of 85%. We also participate in other affiliate advertising programs for products and services we believe in. Mezentseva, Inna. According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. Western Ukraine, at least urban Western Ukraine, no longer speaks the Galician dialect but rather standard Ukrainian. I can randomly pick up another paragraph from that Wikipedia page, and it would be harder: For example the word najgolemata (the biggest) written in Serbian latin means najvea in Serbian, but I somehow know what golem/golema means, but when I hear this ta (definite article) in the end of the word, that sounds Macedonian to me more than golema, prefix naj (makes superlative form) is the same in Serbian. Shtokavian is simply the same Serbo-Croatian language that is also spoken in Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U1n9KMawa-8 Yet some say that the subtitles are simply put on as a political move due to Ukraines puristic language policy. Ukrainian pronounces the "o" as "o" whereas Russians pronounce it typically as an "a." The Ukrainian "" and "" have different pronunciations compared to their Russian equivalents, "" and "". But which languages in the world are actually closest to . My guest from Ukraine will have to guess 6 animals that I'll describe to her in Polish. Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end because they dont bother to learn Slovak while many Slovaks learn Czech. [2] As a consequence, spoken mutual intelligibility is not reciprocal. This makes Polish a much much easier language to learn than Russian. In some respects, all Slavic languages have a lot in common. Being fluent in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian gives you access to understanding more of other Slavic languages. I was surprised that they never live in Slovenia and they never learn Slovenian. Slovene has some commonalities with the West Slavic languages. It is often said that Ukrainian and Russian are intelligible with each other or even that they are the same language (a view perpetuated by Russian nationalists). Much of the claimed intelligibility between Czech and Slovak was simply bilingual learning. However, it appears to be a separate language, as Lach is not even intelligible within itself. Very interesting. KajkavianCroatian, spoken in northwest Croatia and similar to Slovenian, is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. This is a Chakavian-Slovenian transitional lect that is hard to categorize, but it is usually considered to be a Slovenian dialect. I have a newer version of the paper that I can give in which I changed some of the things you are complaining about. Yes you can. The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. People who live in border regions have an advantage of speaking two languages and can easily comprehand other ones as well. He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. (Download). So I understood 100% But I admit that it was a relatively very easy text. . A Serbian native speaker felt that the percentages for South Slavic seemed to be accurate. Kajkavian is a dialect of Slovenian language. But in the case of written Russian, you could elevate this number up to 70-80% quite easily. "The Linguistic Innovation Emerging From Rohingya Refugees." Lesser Polish, which can be heard in the south and southeast. But being that they are Slavic with the same or similar grammar and structure you pick up different slavic languages and their style very quick. I also have no problems understanding standard Croatian or the Kajkavian and Cakavian Croatian dialects and Bosnian and Montenegrin to me are the same language and completely understandable. My take on it is right here. 4. When there, they have to pass a language test. As an example, in the case of a linear dialect continuum that shades gradually between varieties, where speakers near the center can understand the varieties at both ends with relative ease, but speakers at one end have difficulty understanding the speakers at the other end, the entire chain is often considered a single language. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. Other Western Slovak speakers (Bratislava) say that Eastern Slovak (Kosice) is hard to understand. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. 10%? Macedonian 40 % spoken, 60 % written When it is relatively symmetric, it is characterized as "mutual". Good post, OP. So give these mutually intelligible languages a second look. An example of equal treatment of Malaysian and Indonesian: the, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, North Germanic languages Mutual intelligibility, Learn how and when to remove this template message, considered separate languages only for political reasons, "Listening instruction and patient safety: Exploring medical English as a lingua franca (MELF) for nursing education", "The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages", "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects", "uvalar: The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic Languages", "Mutual Comprehensibility of Written Afrikaans and Dutch: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical?
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