Author of. )industrial: 793.3 million cubic meters (2017 est. The valleys and hill ranges of the northwest lie east of Lake Maracaibo and form, in part, a transitional upland zone between the Coastal and Andean mountains. If you're up in the northern mountainous region, you're likely to encounter a good few downpours. . Columbus Travel Media Ltd. All rights reserved 2023, Due to the impact of COVID-19, you are recommended to check travel restrictions from your government sources and contact local venues to verify any new rules, Caracas Simn Bolvar International Airport. )refined petroleum consumption: 470,600 bbl/day (2019 est. )solar: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The South American country has been caught in a downward spiral for years with . Mount Roraima is one of the most spectacular treks in Latin America. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Since mid-2020, and despite MADURO regime mismanagement and faltering infrastructure, oil production has begun to rise primarily due to strengthened MADURO regime trade relations with China, Russia, Iran, and the illicit oil trade. Venezuela is bounded by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the southwest and west. Caracas is an exception, where options are more limited and hotels should be . )from petroleum and other liquids: 57.378 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. A year is divided into dry and rainy seasons. Mild or Temperate climate can be found in the mountainous areas between 1,350-1,600 to 2,400 m. It features temperatures around 13C (55F) to 18C (64F) and precipitations that ranges from scarcely rainy (300 700mm) to pluvial (more than 3300mm) conditions. The Weather and Climate in Venezuela. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2020 est. Venezuela climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation In Venezuela, other types of threats are also emerging. Caracas has more recently relaxed some economic controls to mitigate the impact of its sustained economic crisis, such as allowing increased currency and liberalizing import flexibility for private citizens and companies. The best time to visit Venezuela is during the dry season, from November to April. 2- Subtropical Region. Half of Venezuela's entire territory almost all of the area south of the Orinoco river is, or once was, rainforest. Temperatures in the lowlands and coastal areas of Venezuela range between 25 to 34 degrees Celsius (77 - 93 F) during the day and 16 to 24 degrees (61 - 75 F) during the night. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )$11 billion (31 December 2016 est. Depending on the season, the average daytime temperatures . ), sugar cane, maize, milk, rice, plantains, bananas, pineapples, potatoes, beef, poultry, agricultural products, livestock, raw materials, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, construction materials, medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, iron and steel products, crude oil and petroleum products, agriculture: 7.3%industry: 21.8%services: 70.9% (4th quarter, 2011 est. The average annual temperature is between 18.5 and 27.4 . Venezuela is currently experiencing a society that is divided and in turmoil. Matthew L. Forister, Matthew L. Forister. It occupies a roughly triangular area that is larger than the combined areas of France and Germany. The Venezuelan Coastal Range and Guiana Highlands have average temperatures from 25C (77F) to 11C (52F), while the Llanos average temperature is over 23C (73F). Venezuelan regional farmers produce some of the world's finest cacao. While the coastal cities of Maracaibo, Barcelona, Porlamar and Maiquetia can get extremely hot, cities located at valleys such as Mrida, Caracas, Los Teques and San Cristobal have cooler climates, and the highest towns of Mucuchies and Apartaderos have cold (tundra) climates. Venezuelan crisis: Government censors environmental and scientific data However, Spanish, the country's official language, is the most common. Venezuela Latitude and Longitude Map - Mapsofworld Venezuela crisis: Facts, FAQs, and how to help | World Vision ), bolivars (VEB) per US dollar -9.975 (2017 est. It's characterized by average temperatures below 10C in all 12 months of the year: Also known as pramo climate, this climate often undergo a sudden and drastic change in daily-weather in which they fluctuate between temperatures from below freezing to as high as 20C. )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Mrida is a laidback backpacker city and is full of students. The tropical highland climate, like much of the Venezuela climate, is a hot and humid environment, although some variations exist. Venezuela Area and Population Density. According to the Kppen climate classification, Venezuela's climate types are:[3]. Rainfall exceeds 2,500mm, not tending dry season. You can visualize data for the current climatology through spatial variation, the seasonal cycle, or as a . Temperatures don't fluctuate wildly, hovering between 26C (79F) and 28C (82F) and making the country something of an all year round destination. ), urban population: 88.4% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.16% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Due to its location just above the equator and the many elevation changes Venezuela experiences a mix of different climate types. It is located in the Guayana Region, Orinoco Delta, west of Zulia, Andean and Coastal range foothills, Paria Peninsula and Barlovento region; with rainfall between 1,600 and 2,500mm per year and a drought of just 45 days. As if you are on the roof of the world. 16 Most Popular Venezuelan Foods You Should Try - Nomad Paradise Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. PDF Venezuela: Political Crisis and U.S. Policy - Federation of American The monthly averages temperatures are below 22C (72F) but above 0C (32F). Venezuela is an incredibly diverse and beautiful country with a range of climates and weather. (male 1,239,205/female 1,475,581), total dependency ratio: 57.5youth dependency ratio: 44.4elderly dependency ratio: 13.1potential support ratio: 7.6 (2021 est. Severely . ), 16.99 births/1,000 population (2023 est. 1 - Pabelln Criollo - Rice, Plantain, Beans, and Beef. Other major waterfalls in the region are Torn, Karuay, and Yuri. Climate & Weather Averages in Caracas, Venezuela - Time and Date The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and megathermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions. ), conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuelaconventional short form: Venezuelalocal long form: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuelalocal short form: Venezuelaformer: State of Venezuela, Republic of Venezuela, United States of Venezuelaetymology: native stilt-houses built on Lake Maracaibo reminded early explorers Alonso de OJEDA and Amerigo VESPUCCI in 1499 of buildings in Venice and so they named the region "Venezuola," which in Italian means "Little Venice", name: Caracasgeographic coordinates: 10 29 N, 66 52 Wtime difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: named for the native Caracas tribe that originally settled in the city's valley site near the Caribbean coast, 23 states (estados, singular - estado), 1 capital district* (distrito capital), and 1 federal dependency** (dependencia federal); Amazonas, Anzoategui, Apure, Aragua, Barinas, Bolivar, Carabobo, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Dependencias Federales (Federal Dependencies)**, Distrito Capital (Capital District)*, Falcon, Guarico, La Guaira, Lara, Merida, Miranda, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Portuguesa, Sucre, Tachira, Trujillo, Yaracuy, Zulianote: the federal dependency consists of 11 federally controlled island groups with a total of 72 individual islands, history: many previous; latest adopted 15 December 1999, effective 30 December 1999amendments: proposed through agreement by at least 39% of the National Assembly membership, by the president of the republic in session with the cabinet of ministers, or by petition of at least 15% of registered voters; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly and simple majority approval in a referendum; amended 2009; note - in 2016, President MADURO issued a decree to hold an election to form a constituent assembly to change the constitution; the election in July 2017 approved the formation of a 545-member constituent assembly and elected its delegates, empowering them to change the constitution and dismiss government institutions and officials, civil law system based on the Spanish civil code, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; reduced to five years in the case of applicants from Spain, Portugal, Italy, or a Latin American or Caribbean country, chief of state: Notification Statement: the United States recognizes Juan GUAIDO as the Interim President of VenezuelaPresident Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Delcy RODRIGUEZ Gomez (since 14 June 2018); note - the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Nicolas MADURO Moros (since 19 April 2013); Executive Vice President Delcy RODRIGUEZ Gomez (since 14 June 2018)cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); election last held on 20 May 2018 (next election in 2024)election results: 2018: Nicolas MADURO Moros reelected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 68%, Henri FALCON (AP) 21%, Javier BERTUCCI 11%; note - the election was marred by serious shortcomings and electoral fraud; voter turnout was approximately 46% due largely to an opposition boycott of the election2013: Nicolas MADURO Moros elected president; percent of vote - Nicolas MADURO Moros (PSUV) 50.6%, Henrique CAPRILES Radonski (PJ) 49.1%, other 0.3%, description: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (277 seats; 3 seats reserved for indigenous peoples of Venezuela; members serve 5-year terms); note - in 2020, the National Electoral Council increased the number of seats in the National Assembly from 167 to 277 for the 6 December 2020 electionelections: last held on 6 December 2020 (next to be held in December 2025)election results: percent of vote by party - GPP (pro-government) 69.3%, Democratic Alliance (opposition coalition) 17.7%, other 13%; seats by party - GPP 253, Democratic Alliance 18, indigenous peoples 3, other 3; composition - NA, highest court(s): Supreme Tribunal of Justice (consists of 32 judges organized into constitutional, political-administrative, electoral, civil appeals, criminal appeals, and social divisions)judge selection and term of office: judges proposed by the Committee of Judicial Postulation (an independent body of organizations dealing with legal issues and of the organs of citizen power) and appointed by the National Assembly; judges serve nonrenewable 12-year terms; note - in July 2017, the National Assembly named 33 judges to the court to replace a series of judges, it argued, had been illegally appointed in late 2015 by the outgoing, socialist-party-led Assembly; the Government of President MADURO and the Socialist Party-appointed judges refused to recognize these appointments, however, and many of the new judges have since been imprisoned or forced into exilesubordinate courts: Superior or Appeals Courts (Tribunales Superiores); District Tribunals (Tribunales de Distrito); Courts of First Instance (Tribunales de Primera Instancia); Parish Courts (Tribunales de Parroquia); Justices of the Peace (Justicia de Paz) Network, A New Era (Un Nuevo Tiempo) or UNT [Omar Enrique BARBOZA Gutierrez]Brave People's Alliance or ABP [Antonio LEDEZMA]Cambiemos Movimiento Ciudadano or CMC [Timoteo ZAMBRANO]Christian Democrats or COPEI [Juan Carlos ALVARADO Prato, Roberto ENRIQUEZ]Citizens Encounter or EC [Delsa SOLORZANO]Clear Accounts or CC [Enzo SCARANO]Coalition of parties loyal to Nicolas MADURO - Great Patriotic Pole or GPP [Nicolas MADURO]Coalition of opposition parties - Democratic Alliance (Alianza Democratica) (includes AD, EL CAMBIO, COPEI, CMC, and AP)Come Venezuela (Vente Venezuela) or VV [Maria Corina MACHADO]Communist Party of Venezuela or PCV [Oscar FIGUERA]Consenso en la Zona or Conenzo [Enzo SCARANO and Leon JURADO]Convergencia [Juan Jose CALDERA]Democratic Action or AD [Jose Bernabe GUTIERREZ Parra]Fatherland for All (Patria para Todos) or PPT [Ilenia MEDINA] Fuerza Vecinal or FV [leaders include mayors Gustavo DUQUE, Darwin GONZALEZ, Elias SAYEGH, Manuel FERREIRA, Josy FERNANDEZ, and Morel David RODRIGUEZ]; note - national spokesman David UZCATEGUIHope for Change (Esperanza por el Cambio) or EL CAMBIO [Javier Alejandro BERTUCCI Carrero]Justice First (Primero Justicia) or PJ [Tomas GUANIPA]LAPIZ [Antonio Domingo ECARRI Angola]Movement to Socialism (Movimiento al Socialismo) or MAS [Segundo MELENDEZ] Popular Will (Voluntad Popular) or VP [Leopoldo LOPEZ]Progressive Advance (Avanzada Progresista) or AP [Henri FALCON]The Radical Cause or La Causa R [Andres VELAZQUEZ]United Socialist Party of Venezuela or PSUV [Nicolas MADURO]Venezuela First (Primero Venezuela) or PV [Luis PARRA] Venezuelan Progressive Movement or MPV [Simon CALZADILLA]Venezuela Project or PV [Carlos BERRIZBEITIA]We Are Venezuela (Somos Venezuela) or MSV [Delcy RODRIGUEZ and Vanessa MONTERO], Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, LAS (observer), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, Petrocaribe, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Carlos Alfredo VECCHIO (since 8 April 2019)chancery: 1099 30th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007telephone: [1] (202) 342-2214FAX: [1] (202) 342-6820email address and website: despacho.embveus@mppre.gob.ve, chief of mission: James Jimmy STORY, Ambassador for the Venezuela Affairs Unit (since November 2020); note - on 11 March 2019, the Department of State announced the temporary suspension of operations of the US Embassy in Caracas and the withdrawal of diplomatic personnel; the Venezuela Affairs Unit is located at the United States Embassy in Bogota, Colombiaembassy: Venezuela Affairs Unit, Carrera 45 N. 24B-27, Bogotapreviously - F St. and Suapure St.; Urb. The Climate of Venezuela is characterized for being tropical and megathermal as a result of its geographical location near the Equator, but because of the topography and the dominant wind direction, several climatic types occur which can be the same as found in temperate latitudes, and even polar regions.Latitude exerts little influence on the Venezuelan While the coastal cities of Maracaibo . Asylum applications increased significantly in the US and Brazil in 2016 and 2017. Weather for Caracas, Venezuela - Time and Date Venezuelas social and political ills have been compounded by natural disasters such as the floods that devastated sections of Caracas, La Guaira, and other coastal areas in late 1999. Venezuela and Climate Change | Venezuelanalysis.com ), 13.55 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. On the other hand, from 1958 to the early 21st century the republic was more democratic and politically stable than most other Latin American nations, and its economy benefited from a thriving petroleum industry that capitalized on the worlds largest known oil reserves. Alternate titles: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela, Distinguished Professor of Political Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. First lasts from December to April and second is between May and November inclusively. Where Climate Change Fits into Venezuela's Ongoing Crisis Climate is the weather that you expect. Largest Cities in Venezuela. The university city is the cultural center of the Andes and with a special location at 1700 meters a must for every traveler. Winter instead dry, warm and rather comfortable. Caracas | History, Population, Climate, & Facts | Britannica The warmest and at the same time rainiest region is Zuliana. Mountainous areas are significantly cooler. )$12,500 (2017 est. )416.8% (2017 est.). Thousands of . Climate - Caracas (Venezuela) - Climates to Travel Caracas, Venezuela. In the high mountainous region above 3000 meters, snow fields and grasslands are found. Venezuela's oil and gas industry take starring roles in this environmental horror show. The climate of Caracas (or Santiago de Len de Caracas) is tropical, tempered by altitude, with a dry season from January to March and a rainy season from May to November, while December and April are transitional months. )$109.8 billion (31 December 2016 est. Within this region is the only desert in Venezuelathe sand dunes around the city of Coro. The average temperature here falls below 8C. )methane emissions: 68.66 megatons (2020 est. Naiguat Peak, at 9,072 feet (2,765 metres), is the highest point in the coastal system. Caracas, Venezuela - Climate and weather forecast by month. Some 5.5 million of an estimated 32 million Venezuelans have fled their country since 2014, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported in October. NA, sewage pollution of Lago de Valencia; oil and urban pollution of Lago de Maracaibo; deforestation; soil degradation; urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast; threat to the rainforest ecosystem from irresponsible mining operations, party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 15.82 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. The city's official name of Santiago de Leon de Caracas roughly translates "Heaven's Branch on Earth," which hardly seems fitting because it is known as being the most murderous city in the world. Venezuela is a country in northern South America.Its official name is Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela). )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Outline Map of Venezuela. Within these broad divisions, seven physiographic regions can be distinguished: the islands and coastal plains, including the Orinoco delta; the Lake Maracaibo Lowlands; the Mrida and Perij ranges of the Andes Mountains; the coastal mountain system (with its Coastal and Interior ranges); the northwestern valleys and hill ranges, also called the Segovia Highlands; the Llanos; and the Guiana Highlands. The mountainous Andean regions are significantly cooler, and temperatures can drop to around 9C (48F). Angel Falls, situated in the Canaima National Park is the highest waterfall in the world, plunging into the Orinoco from a height of 979m (3,212ft). Lago de Valencia, Venezuela #8 Sweetness that is exported to other corners of the world. Most of the cities of Venezuela lie in this zone. Why Venezuela should be on your travel bucket list | Euronews The Trump Administration discussed using military force in Venezuela but ultimately sought to compel Maduro to leave Weather and climate Venezuela's location perched 8 above the equator, means it generally enjoys a balmy warm climate. Physiographically, the Segovia Highlands, northwest of Barquisimeto, and the coastal ranges may also be considered parts of the Andes chain. It's the most prevalent and characteristic climate of the country. Climate of Venezuela - Wikipedia The Mangoes Are Ripe in Caracas. Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%. The country faces massive debt. A comprehensive guide to the worlds best travel destinations, its print heritage stretches back more than 30 years, with the online portal reaching its 20-year anniversary in 2019. The ministry of the Evangelical Pentecostal Union of Venezuela (UEPV) aims to be faithful to the Gospel and its challenges even in times of political and socio-economic conflicts. The coldest part in the country are located in the highest areas of the Cordillera de Mrida, where temperatures lower than 2C (28F) are recorded. The highest parts of the Andes have only shrubs and lichens. Hot desert climate in Medanos de Coro National Park. Claudia Salerno, Vice Minister for North America at the Venezuelan Mission to the United Nations, explained her country's proposals fight climate change at a special meeting with the press May 30. Although the country of Venezuela lies entirely within the tropics, its climate varies from tropical humid to alpine, depending on the elevation, topography, and the direction and intensity of prevailing winds. )6.63% (2020 est. Venezuela Table of Contents. Venezuela's Catatumbo Lightning: The Complete Guide - TripSavvy )$18.376 billion (2017 est. Seventeen countries host around 80 per cent of Venezuelans (more than 5 million) throughout Latin America and the Caribbean - triggering the largest external displacement crisis in Latin America's recent history. ), total population: 74.25 yearsmale: 71.19 yearsfemale: 77.45 years (2023 est. Venezuela - United States Department of State We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Since 2017, the US has imposed financial and sectoral sanctions on the MADURO regime. Venezuela also has been a fairly accommodating host to Colombian refugees, numbering about 170,000 as of year-end 2016. Check out our bucket list articles and be inspired: There are many Waterfalls in South Amerika to visit, however The Angel Falls is a waterfall like no other. Venezuela: CO2 Country Profile - Our World in Data From the Orinoco through the southernmost (Amazonas) territory bordering Colombia, Brazil, and Guyana are the vast Guiana Highlands, or Guayana, largely an upland surface of rounded hills and narrow valleys formed from ancient crystalline rocks. ), fossil fuels: 30.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. There are many variations inVenezuela climatebecause of certain factors such as topography, altitude and the intensity and direction of prevailing winds. Venezuela | Economy, Map, Capital, Collapse, & Facts )6.284 (2015 est. Climate models suggest this effect will reduce rainfall, but until now, studies of observed changes in rainfall have focused on specific regions, rather than across the tropics generally. Given the attitude of the Maduro regime, the situation . )spirits: 0.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The cool season lasts for 2.8 months, from November 19 to February 12, with an average daily high temperature below 84F. ), 6.41% (2021 est. The Indissoluble Relation Between Man and Nature: Venezuelan Vernacular In 1914, the first oil well in the country of Venezuela, Zumaque-I, opened for the first time. Venezuela: country data and statistics - Worlddata.info Venezuela, country located at the northern end of South America. During this period, there is the possibility of flooding in certain low-lying areas, such as the Llanos and in some valleys of the Andes. Most of Venezuela's neighbors now back a negotiated solution to the crisis. Seasonal variations are marked less by temperature than by rainfall. )other: 23.4% (2018 est. It is Venezuela's largest urban agglomeration and the country's primary centre of industry, commerce, education, and culture. Regardless of whether Venezuela's eternal storm lasts for the rest of eternity, it's already made a significant impact on the world. Trump is trying to stop Pence from testifying before a grand jury. Subequatorial climate prevails in Venezuela and weather depends on seasonal winds. This climate can be found in areas below 300 m in sedimentary basins and lowlands such as the Llanos, Orinoco Delta, Maracaibo Basin, Orinoco Basin, and coastal plains and islands; it comprises almost all the country. Climate zone classifications are derived from the Kppen-Geiger climate classification system, which divides climates into five main climate groups divided based on seasonal precipitation and temperature patterns. Venezuela, Capitalism & Climate Change. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The above blank map represents Venezuela - a country located on the northern coast of South America. ), total subscriptions: 13,476,300 (2019)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47.26 (2019), general assessment: Venezuelas fixed-line teledensity was relatively high for the region before the steady growth in the number of lines came to an end in 2015; since then, the number of lines has plummeted, and by late 2021 teledensity had fallen to about 17.3%; the cause is largely linked to the countrys ongoing economic troubles, which have compelled many people to terminate fixed-line telecom services and others still to flee the country; these pressures have also distorted sector revenue and have placed into disarray operators investment plans aimed at improving networks and expanding the reach and capabilities of new technologies and services; the fixed broadband penetration rate is lower than the regional average, while data speeds are also relatively low; there is no effective competition in the provision of DSL, and as a result the state-owned incumbent CANTV has had little incentive to improve services from its meager revenue streams; mobile penetration in Venezuela is also below the regional average; the number of mobile subscribers fell by an estimated 2.4% in 2020, year-on-year, as subscribers terminated services in a bid to reduce discretionary spending, this decline is expected to continue into 2022, with subscriber growth not returning until 2023 (2021)domestic: two domestic satellite systems with three earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; 3 major providers operate in the mobile market and compete with state-owned company; fixed-line over 18 per 100 and mobile-cellular telephone subscribership about 63 per 100 persons (2020)international: country code - 58; landing points for the Venezuela Festoon, ARCOS, PAN-AM, SAC, GlobeNet, ALBA-1 and Americas II submarine cable system providing connectivity to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and US; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat (2020)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, Venezuela has a mixture of state-run and private broadcast media that are subject to high levels of regime control, including the shuttering of opposition-leaning media outlets; 13 public service networks, 61 privately owned TV networks, a privately owned news channel with limited national coverage, and a regime-backed Pan-American channel; 3 regime-run radio networks officially control roughly 65 news stations and another 30 stations targeted at specific audiences; regime-sponsored community broadcasters include 235 radio stations and 44 TV stations; the number of private broadcast radio stations has been declining, but many still remain in operation (2021), total: 20,531,397 (2019 est.
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